• 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 INTRODUCTION
  • 1.2 UNDERSTANDING THE STRUCTURE OF THE DATABASE
  • 1.3 THE NAVIGATION BAR
  • 1.4 NOTES ON MARK-UP CONVENTIONS
  • 1.5 ABOUT THE SEARCH SOFTWARE
• 2. FINDING TOOLS
  • 2.1 FIND AUTHORS
  • 2.2 FIND ESSAYS
  • 2.3 FIND POEMS
  • 2.4 FIND PLAYS
  • 2.5 FIND SCENES
  • 2.6 FIND CHARACTERS
  • 2.7 FIND PRODUCTIONS
  • 2.8 FIND THEATERS
  • 2.9 FIND COMPANIES
  • 2.10 FIND RESOURCES
• 3. SEARCHING
  • 3.1 SEARCH OVERVIEW
  • 3.2 FULL-TEXT SEARCHING
    • 3.2.1 Full-Text Searching
    • 3.2.2 Wildcard Characters in Full-Text Searching
    • 3.2.3 Wildcards and Boolean Operators in Full-Text Searching
    • 3.2.4 Punctuation and Full-Text Searching
    • 3.2.5 Selecting a Search Option
  • 3.3 FIELD SEARCHING
    • 3.3.1 Searching in Specific Fields
    • 3.3.2 Advanced Field Searching with Regular Expression Operators
    • 3.3.3 Punctuation and Spacing in Fielded Searching
• 4. FIELDS AND THEIR DESCRIPTIONS
  • 4.1 LIST OF ALL FIELDS THAT CAN BE SEARCHED
  • 4.2 FIELD DESCRIPTIONS WITH SAMPLE SEARCHES
    • 4.2.1 Age when Writing
    • 4.2.2 Author
    • 4.2.3 Capacity
    • 4.2.4 Character Code
    • 4.2.5 Character Name
    • 4.2.6 Character Type
    • 4.2.7 Choreographer
    • 4.2.8 Company Code
    • 4.2.9 Composer
    • 4.2.10 Costume
    • 4.2.11 Director
    • 4.2.12 Editor
    • 4.2.13 Ethnicity
    • 4.2.14 First Production
    • 4.2.15 Gender
    • 4.2.16 Genre
    • 4.2.17 Level of Education
    • 4.2.18 Lighting
    • 4.2.19 Literature Type
    • 4.2.20 Location
    • 4.2.21 Lyricist
    • 4.2.22 Music
    • 4.2.23 Nationality
    • 4.2.24 Number of Characters
    • 4.2.25 Number of Productions
    • 4.2.26 Occupation
    • 4.2.27 Original Language
    • 4.2.28 Performances
    • 4.2.29 Performers
    • 4.3.30 Person Based On
    • 4.2.31 Place of Birth
    • 4.2.32 Place of Death
    • 4.2.33 Play Code
    • 4.2.34 Previously Unpublished
    • 4.2.35 Producer
    • 4.2.36 Production Code
    • 4.2.37 Production Company
    • 4.2.38 Production Title
    • 4.2.39 Production Type
    • 4.2.40 Publisher
    • 4.2.41 Race
    • 4.2.42 Religion
    • 4.2.43 Resource Title
    • 4.2.44 Scene Code
    • 4.2.45 Schools Attended
    • 4.2.46 Set Designer
    • 4.2.47 Settings
    • 4.2.48 Sexual Orientation
    • 4.2.49 Sound
    • 4.2.50 Source Number
    • 4.2.51 Start Month/Start Year
    • 4.2.52 Subject Headings
    • 4.2.53 Theater District
    • 4.2.54 Theater Name
    • 4.2.55 Theater Style
    • 4.2.56 Title
    • 4.2.57 Venue Code
    • 4.2.58 Written For
    • 4.2.59 Year Created (for Resources)
    • 4.2.60 Year First Produced
    • 4.2.61 Year of Birth
    • 4.2.62 Year of Death
    • 4.2.63 Year Published
    • 4.2.64 Year Written
• 5. RESULTS
  • 5.1 OCCURRENCES WITH CONTEXT/CONTEXT DISPLAY
  • 5.2 LINE-BY-LINE DISPLAY
  • 5.3 SORTING RESULTS BY AUTHOR
  • 5.4 SORTING RESULTS BY SOURCE
  • 5.5 SORTING RESULTS BY YEAR
  • 5.6 NAVIGATING DOCUMENTS FROM WORD SEARCHES

1.1 INTRODUCTION

Latino Literature provides sophisticated searching across some volumes of  poetry, novels, short stories, and plays, as well as table of contents access.  It also provides related materials, such as playbills and posters related to performances.

For novices who wish to get quick access to key documents, we recommend using the Tables of Contents and the Search All Works tools.

1.2 UNDERSTANDING THE STRUCTURE OF THE DATABASE

There are three basic ways to use the database.

• Tables of Contents -- Use these to see what's contained in the database. This is the best way to check whether an author, a work, or a poem is included. To use this tool, simply click on the appropriate table of contents button on the navigation bar.
• Find Tools -- The "FIND" tools let you search for specific authors, poems, works, characters, scenes, theaters, productions, and resources in the database and to combine criteria to narrow what you're looking for. The difference between the "FIND" tools and the "SEARCH" tools (explained next) is in the results they give. The "FIND" tools do not return documents, but rather lists of works, poems and authors. Note the difference between a work (a volume of poetry) and the poems themselves (items within a work).
• Search Tools -- The "SEARCH" tools let you analyze words and documents that meet your search criteria. The "SEARCH" tools return documents or bibliographic citations or both.

The Navigation bars let you move around the tools. Click on the maroon area to move to a new tool.  The mustard color indicates which tool is active.

The Navigation bars are divided into the following Tables of Contents, all of which provide quick access to specific documents within the database.

• Authors - a list of every major author in the database.
• Poems - a complete list of every poem in the database.
• All Works - a  complete list of volumes in the database.
• Fiction - a complete listing of all novels and short story collections in the database.
• Plays - a complete listing of all plays in the database.
• Resources - a complete listing of all posters, playbills, photographs, book jackets, etc. in the database.
• Characters - a complete listing of all characters appearing in plays in the database.
• Production - a complete listing of all productions in the database.
• Theater - a complete listing of all theaters contained in the database.
• Theatrical companies - a complete listing of all theatrical companies in the database.
• Subjects - this is a selective list of key subjects and the plays and scenes in which you'll find them.

The Navigation bars also include a tool to search the works for particular keywords.  This will search all primary works for keyword occurrences.

1.4 NOTES ON MARK-UP CONVENTIONS

Materials in the database have been transcribed using original spellings and grammar. In some documents spelling is inconsistent, even within a sentence.

For more information on mark-up conventions, contact the Editor.

1.5 ABOUT THE SEARCH SOFTWARE

PhiloLogic, a suite of software developed by the ARTFL Project at the University of Chicago in collaboration with The University of Chicago Library's Electronic Text Services, provides sophisticated searching of a wide variety of large encoded databases on the World Wide Web. It is an easy to use, yet powerful, full-text search, retrieval, and reporting system for large multimedia databases (texts, images, sound) with the ability to handle complex text structures with extensive indexed metadata.

PhiloLogic in its simplest form serves as a document retrieval or look up mechanism whereby users can search a relational database to retrieve given documents and, in some implementations, portions of texts such as acts, scenes, articles, or head-words. This same document retrieval mechanism serves as the basis for defining a corpus in a full-text search. One can, for example, either retrieve all documents in a database written by women from 1935 through 1945 or one can search for words or phrases within database which fit those criteria. The typical PhiloLogic search is broken down into five distinct stages: 1) defining a corpus (i.e. limiting a search), 2) word expansion, 3) word index searching, 4) text extraction, and 5) link resolution and formatting (e.g., SGML to HTML conversion). In other words, after defining a corpus (or one may search an entire database), one can execute a single term, phrase or proximity search. By looking up indices of the word(s) in a relational database, PhiloLogic extracts blocks of text containing the search term(s) with links to larger blocks of text. These extracts are formatted to display on a Web browser and sometimes include links to images, sound recordings, other texts, or even other databases.

In addition to simple word and phrase searches, users can perform more sophisticated searches by using extended UNIX-style regular expressions for complex wildcard searching and, in some implementations, morphological and orthographic expansion. All of these mechanisms to expand words can be combined using Boolean operators such as OR (the vertical bar "|") and AND (a space) within a variety of searching contexts.

Its functions were originally designed for scholarly research in databases of literary, religious, philosophical, and historical collections of texts as well as important historical encyclopedias and dictionaries. PhiloLogic handles notes so as not to interfere with phrase searching. Users can easily search words with diacritics (either by specifying accents or ignoring them by typing in uppercase) and non-Romanized scripts. At present there are some fifty databases on the Web under PhiloLogic containing languages such as ancient Greek, Latin, Hindi, and Urdu as well as nearly all Western European languages. PhiloLogic can also be set up to recognize or ignore manuscript notations such as different brackets, which can indicate spurious text or editorial emendations. Because the software recognizes typical text structures as real data objects, it understands units, such as words, sentences, paragraphs, sections, and pages, permitting very flexible searching and retrieval of these textual objects. Other full-text engines on the market search for strings of characters. Rather than searching for two words within the same sentence or paragraph (intellectual units), other engines must search for two words within a certain number of characters regardless of sentence or paragraph. With PhiloLogic scholars always know where they are in a given text since pagination can be displayed along side other objects. Such a high degree of indexing can lead to decreases in speed, PhiloLogic indexing has been maximized such that it is still incredibly fast on the Web.

For more information on PhiloLogic, contact Catherine Mardikes, ETS Coordinator, The University of Chicago Library.

2.1 FIND AUTHORS

The Find Authors tool lets you find authors in the database that match your specific criteria. For example, you can find all the authors in the database that are of a particular nationality.

Practical Example: Find all Cuban authors.

• Click on Find Authors on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Cuban" into the Nationality field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all authors that meet the criteria.

Note: For a detailed discussion of the fields in Find Authors see the section on Fields and their Descriptions below.

2.2 FIND ESSAYS

The Find Essays tool lets you search for specific essays by keyword in their title or by other criteria, such as the author's religion, date of birth, or by nationality.

Practical Example: Find all essays with "amor" in the title.

• Click on Find Essays on the navigation bar.
• Enter "amor" into the Title field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all authors that meet the criteria.

Note: For a detailed discussion of the fields in Find Essays see the section on Fields and their Descriptions below.

2.3 FIND POEMS

The Find Poems tool lets you search for specific poems within volumes by keyword in their title or by other criteria, such as the author's religion, date of birth, or by keywords in the title.

Practical Example: Find all poems with "heart" in the title.

• Click on Find Poems on the navigation bar.
• Enter "heart" into the Title field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all authors that meet the criteria.

Note: For a detailed discussion of the fields in Find Poems see the section on Fields and their Descriptions below.

2.4 FIND PLAYS

The Find Plays tool lets you find all the plays in the database that match your specific criteria.

Practical Example: Find all plays written by Sara Joffre.

• Click on Find Plays on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Joffre" into the Author field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all plays that meet the criteria.

Note: For a detailed discussion of the fields in Find Plays see the section on Fields and their Descriptions below.

2.5 FIND SCENES

The Find Scenes tool lets you find all the scenes in the database that match your specific criteria.

Practical Example: Find all interior scenes that contain musicians.

• Click on Find Scenes on the navigation bar.
• Enter "musician" into the Occupation field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all scenes that meet the criteria.

Note: For a detailed discussion of the fields in Find Scenes see the section on Fields and their Descriptions below.

2.6 FIND CHARACTERS

The Find Characters tool lets you find all characters in the database that match your specific criteria. For example, you can find characters of specific ethnic or national groups, or characters that have the same occupations.

Practical Example: Find all characters that are judges.

• Click on Find Characters on the navigation bar.
• Enter "judge" into the Occupation field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all theaters that meet the criteria.

Note: For a detailed discussion of the fields in Find Characters see the section on Fields and their Descriptions below.

2.7 FIND PRODUCTIONS

The Find Productions tool lets you find all productions in the database that match your specific criteria.

Practical Example: Find all productions of Caridad Svich's plays.

• Click on Find Productions on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Svich" into the Author field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all productions that meet the criteria.

Note: For a detailed discussion of the fields in Find Productions see the section on Fields and their Descriptions below.

2.8 FIND THEATERS

The Find Theaters tool lets you find all theaters in the database that match your specific criteria.

Practical Example: Find all theaters in Los Angeles.

• Click on Find Theaters on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Los Angeles" into the Location field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all theaters that meet the criteria.

Note: For a detailed discussion of the fields in Find Theaters see the section on Fields and their Descriptions below.

2.9 FIND COMPANIES

The Find Companies tool lets you find all theatrical or production companies that match your specific criteria.

Practical Example: Find all production companies in Los Angeles.

• Click on Find Companies on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Los Angeles" into the Location field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all theaters that meet the criteria.

Note: For a detailed discussion of the fields in Find Companies see the section on Fields and their Descriptions below.

2.10 FIND RESOURCES

The Find Resources tool lets you find all resources in the database that match your specific criteria.

Practical Example: Find all resources in the database that are about works by Caridad Svich.

• Click on Find Resources on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Svich" into the Associated Authors field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all theaters that meet the criteria.

Note: For a detailed discussion of the fields in Find Resources see the section on Fields and their Descriptions below.

3.1 SEARCH OVERVIEW

There are two basic kinds of searching in the database.

• Full-Text Searching enables you to do keyword searching for occurrences of words or phrases in the database.
• Bibliographic Searching allows you to create a set of documents for subsequent full-text searching. Bibliographic searching is when you use descriptive fields to search.

3.2.1 Full-Text Searching

Full-Text Searching is when you search for specific words or phrases that occur in the texts themselves.

PhiloLogic supports wildcard characters and Boolean (logical) operators, which are modeled on UNIX regular expressions to perform "pattern matching" in full-text searching. Pattern matching allows identification of a large number of words corresponding to a defined pattern. Wildcard characters can be useful, for example, in identifying cognates made obscure by affixes and vowel weakening, inconsistencies due to irregular orthography, and variations on account of word inflection as well as for discovering potential emendations for uncertain readings. The most commonly used regular expression operators (wildcard and Boolean) are listed below.

3.2.2 Wildcard Characters in Full-Text Searching

. (period):

matches any single character (e.g., gentlem.n will retrieve gentleman and gentlemen).

* (asterisk):

matches any string of characters, anchoring the match at the beginning of a word (e.g., cigar* will match cigar, cigars, cigarette, etc.).

* (asterisk):

matches any string of characters, anchoring the match at the end of a word (e.g., *habit will retrieve habit, cohabit, and inhabit), or in the middle (e.g., c.*eers matches compeers, cheers, and careers).

.? (period question mark):

matches the characters entered or the characters entered plus one more character in place of the question mark (e.g., hono.?r matches both honor and honour and cat.? matches cat and cats, but not cathedral, Catherine, etc.).

[a-z] (brackets):

matches a single character found in the specified range (e.g., [c-f]at will match cat, dat, eat, and fat) or any letters within the brackets (e.g., civili[zs]e will match both civilize and civilise).

# (hash mark):

matches capitalized words only (e.g., #bacon will retrieve Bacon, but not bacon). Otherwise word searches are case insensitive. Please note that this operator does not work properly in conjunction with the vertical bar (e.g., searching #hamlet|#bacon will not retrieve accurate results).

E (capital letter):

matches all accented and non-accented forms (e.g., to search naïveté regardless of accents type naIvetE).

Note: If you are using wildcard characters and would like to see a full list of the words matching your search-term, then run your search as a Frequency by Author search. The results page of a Frequency by Author search lists all the terms found in a database that match your search-term.

3.2.3 Wildcards and Boolean Operators in Full-Text Searching

• The vertical line ( | ) is the OR operator (e.g., avarice|greed or holy ghost|spirit).
  
  
• Space: serves as the AND operator in sentence and paragraph Proximity Searching (e.g., church state retrieve all cases where church and state appear in the same specified context; this is not the case in phrase searching).
  
  
• These expressions can be combined for more sophisticated searches; for example, searching
  old|aged|ancient m.n|fellow*
  finds any of the three adjectives together with the nouns man or fellow in the singular or plural.

3.2.4 Punctuation and Full-Text Searching

• Hyphens: Hyphens act as word separators. Thus, one should treat hyphenated expressions as separate words excluding the hyphen (e.g., if searching for all-powerful, type in all powerful).
  
  
• Apostrophes: One must include apostrophes when searching words with apostrophes in them (e.g., only by typing God's will one find "God's"). In this database apostrophes do not act as word separators. Therefore contractions and elisions must be entered without spaces before or after the apostrophe.
  
  
• Ampersands: The ampersand (&) is not a searchable character. Avoid Phrase Searches where an ampersand may be used as a conjunction and realize that &c must be entered as simply c.

3.2.5 Selecting a Search Option

PhiloLogic at this time offers two kinds of searches: "Single Term and Phrase Search," which is set up as the default, and "Proximity Searching in the Same Sentence or Paragraph." One may select and deselect a search option by clicking on the "radio" buttons.

For a fuller discussion see the PhiloLogic User Manual.

3.3.1 Searching in Specific Fields

When entering search terms in bibliographic fields, as opposed to the full text search field, use the following Boolean operators: uppercase AND, OR, and NOT. One can use a NOT operator by itself (e.g., in the Type field enter: NOT editorial). It must be the first term in the field with no spaces preceding and it cannot be used with other Boolean operators.

3.3.2 Advanced Field Searching with Regular Expression Operators

As in full text searching, one can use regular expression operators for more specialized searching. The caret sign (^) at the beginning of a word anchors the match at the beginning of the entry (e.g., ^child will find the personal event "Childbirth," but not "Adoption of Child). One can also use the vertical line (|) as a Boolean operator OR. With this operator one can exclude two terms from one's search (e.g., NOT adams|burr).

3.3.3 Punctuation and Spacing in Fielded Searching

When entering terms, punctuation and spacing must match exactly that in the fields. The following marks of punctuation produce a "Nothing found" message: ampersand (&), parentheses, question mark, and double quotes (""). If necessary for searching, replace the mark of punctuation with a period, which stands for any single character.

4.1 LIST OF ALL FIELDS THAT CAN BE SEARCHED

Here is a summary table of all fields in the database, showing which tool they can be found on. Detailed descriptions can be found below.
 

Find

Search

Authors

Essays

Poems

Scenes

Productions

Theaters

Characters

Resources

Companies

Plays

Works

Plays

Age when Writing

x

x

Author

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Capacity

x

Character Code

x

Character Name

x

x

Character Type

x

Choreographer

x

Company Code

x

Composer

x

x

x

Costume

x

Director

x

x

Editor

x

Ethnicity

x

x

x

x

x

x

First Production

x

Gender

x

Genre

x

x

x

x

x

Level of Education

x

x

Lighting

x

Literature Type

x

Location

x

x

Lyricist

x

x

Music

x

Nationality

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Number of Characters

x

Number of Productions

x

Occupation

x

x

x

x

x

Original Language

x

x

x

x

x

Performances

x

Performers

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Person Based On

x

Place of Birth

x

x

x

x

Place of Death

x

x

x

x

Play Code

x

x

Previously Unpublished

x

x

x

Producer

x

Production Code

x

Production Company

x

x

x

x

x

Production Title

x

Production Type:

x

Publisher

x

Race

x

x

Religion

x

x

x

x

x

Resource Title

x

Scene Code

x

School Attended

x

x

Set Designer

x

Settings

x

x

x

Sexual Orientation

x

Sound

x

Source Number

x

Start Month

x

Start Year

x

Subject

x

x

Theater District

x

x

Theater Name

x

x

x

x

Theater Style

x

x

Title

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

x

Venue Code

x

Written For

x

x

x

Year Created

x

Year First Produced

x

x

x

Year of Birth

x

x

x

x

Year of Death

x

x

x

x

Year Published

x

x

x

x

Year Written

x

x

x

Description: This field contains the author's age at the time of writing a play.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to plays written by authors at a specific age or age range. It is used in the Find Plays and Search Plays screens.

Practical Example: Find all plays written by authors under the age of 25.

• Click on Search Plays on the navigation bar.
• Enter "-25" into the Age when Writing field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all plays that meet the criteria.

4.2.2. Author

Description: This field includes all variants of the author's name.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to authors. It is used in all Search and Find screens, with the exception of Find Theaters.

Practical Example: Find all works by Omar Torres.

• Click on Find Authors on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Torres" into the Author field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all sources that meet the criteria.

4.2.3 Capacity

Description: This field is used to identify theaters that have a particular seat capacity.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to theaters of a certain size. It is used in the Find Theaters screen.

Practical Example: Find all theaters seating 200 or fewer people.

• Click on Find Theaters on the navigation bar.
• Enter "-200" into the Capacity field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all theaters that meet the criteria.

4.2.4 Character Code

Description: This field contains the unique character code for each character in the database.

How to use this field: This field is intended for advanced users to locate specific characters. It is used in the Find Characters screen.

4.2.5 Character Name

Description: This field contains the character name as presented in the cast list at the beginning of a play. The field also includes alternate names and abbreviations for particular characters. Names are listed in First Name, Last Name order.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to characters with a specific name. It is used in the Find Scenes and Find Characters screens.

Practical Example: Find all scenes with characters named Maria.

• Click on Find Scenes on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Maria" into the Character Name field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all scenes that meet the criteria.

4.2.6 Character Type

Description:  This field contains the type of character in the play. The field is controlled. Allowable terms are human, mythological, animal, inanimate, spirit, deity.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to characters of a specific type. It is used in the Find Characters screen.

Practical Example: Find all scenes with characters who are spirits.

• Click on Find Characters on the navigation bar.
• Enter "spirit" into the Character Type field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all scenes that meet the criteria.

4.2.7 Choreographer

Description:  This field contains the names of choreographers listed in productions that are included in the database, and for which information has been found. It is not comprehensive. Names are listed in Last Name, First Name order.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to productions choreographed by a specific person. It is used in the Find Productions screen.

Practical Example: Find all productions choreographed by Miguel Delgado.

• Click on Find Productions on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Delgado, Miguel" into the Choreographer field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all productions that meet the criteria.

4.2.8 Company Code

Description: This field contains the unique company code for each production company in the database.

How to use this field: This field is intended for advanced users to locate specific characters. It is used in the Find Companies screen.

4.2.9 Composer

Description: This field contains the names of composers listed in productions or plays that are included in the database, and for which information has been found. It is not comprehensive. Names are listed in Last Name, First Name order.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to productions or plays associated with a specific composer. It is used in the Find Productions, Find Plays and Search Plays screens.

4.2.10 Costume

Description: This field contains the names of the person(s) responsible for costumes in productions that are included in this database, and for which information has been found. It is not comprehensive. Names are listed in Last Name, First Name order.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to productions with costumes designed by a specific person. It is used in the Find Productions screen.

Practical Example: Find all productions with costumes designed by Greg Emetaz.

• Click on Find Productions on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Emetaz" into the Costume field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all productions that meet the criteria.

4.2.11 Director

Description: This field contains the names of directors listed in productions that are included in the database, and for which information has been found. It is not comprehensive. Names are listed in Last Name, First Name order.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to productions directed by a specific person. It is used in the Find Productions and Find Resources screens.

Practical Example: Find all productions directed by Jason Neulander.

• Click on Find Productions on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Neulander" into the Director field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all productions that meet the criteria.

4.2.12 Editor

Description: This field describes the editor of a particular work. It is an optional field.

How to use this field: Use this field to find works edited by a particular individual. It is used in the Search Works screen.

Practical Example: Find all works edited by Amy Doherty.

• Click on Search Works on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Doherty" into the Editor field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all sources that meet the criteria.

4.2.13 Ethnicity

Description: This field is used to describe the heritage of the author - such as Cuban, Mexican, or Puerto Rican.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all source works by authors of a particular ethnicity. It is used in the Find Authors, Find Poems, Find Plays, Search Works, and Search Plays screens.

Practical Example: Find all poems written by authors of Cuban ancestry.

• Click on Find Poems on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Cuban" into the Ethnicity field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all poems that meet the criteria.

4.2.14 First Production

Description: This field is used to identify first known productions of plays that are included in the database, and for which we have information. The allowed values are Yes, No, and Not indicated.

How to use this field: Use this field to find first productions of plays. It is used in the Find Productions screen.

Practical Example: Find all first productions of plays by Cherrie Moraga.

• Click on Find Productions on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Moraga" into the Author field.
• Select "Yes" from the First Production drop-down box.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all productions that meet the criteria.

4.2.15 Gender

Description: This field is used to describe the gender of a character.

How to use this field: Use this field to find characters of a specific gender. It is used in the Find Characters screen.

Practical Example: Find all female characters whose occupation is Head of state.

• Click on Find Characters on the navigation bar.
• Select "F" from the Gender drop-down box.
• Enter "Head of state" into the Occupation field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all characters that meet the criteria.

4.2.16 Genre

Description: This field is used to describe the genre of a play. It can also be combined with text searching to analyze how different words and phrases are used within each genre.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all source works by scenes or plays of a specific genre. It is used in the Find Scenes, Find Characters, Find Resources, Find Plays and Search Plays screens.

Practical Example: Examine the use of the word "pain" within the genre of Comedy.

• Click on Search Plays on the navigation bar.
• Enter "pain" into the Search Texts field.
• Enter "comedy" into the Genre field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all plays that meet the criteria.

4.2.17 Level of Education

Description: This field is used to describe the highest educational level completed by the author - such as Finished high school, Finished college, or Other advanced degree.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all authors who have attained a specific educational level or to find works of authors who have attained a specific educational level. It is used in the Find Authors and Search Works screens.

Practical Example: Find all authors who have completed an undergraduate degree.

• Click on Find Authors on the navigation bar.
• Enter "finished college" into the Level of Education field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all authors that meet the criteria.

4.2.18 Lighting

Description:  This field contains the names of person(s) responsible for lighting design in productions that are included in the database, and for which information has been found. It is not comprehensive. Names are listed in Last Name, First Name order.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to productions with the lighting designed by a specific person. It is used in the Find Productions screen.

Practical Example: Find all productions with lighting designed by Greg Emetaz.

• Click on Find Productions on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Emetaz" into the Lighting field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all productions that meet the criteria.

4.2.19 Literature Type

Description: This field identifies the literary type of sources. This is a controlled field and contains one of the following values: Drama, Poetry, Novel, Short Fiction, or Mixed.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to a specific literary type. The field is best used in combination with other searches. For example, you can examine the uses of words or phrases within a particular literary type. It is used in the Search Works screens.

Practical Example: Examine the use of the word "pain" within the type of Poetry.

• Click on Search Works on the navigation bar.
• Enter "pain*" into the Search Texts field.
• Enter "poetry" into the Literary Type field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all poems that meet the criteria.

4.2.20 Location

Description:  This field identifies the city or locality a theater is located in. It uses Alexander Street Press' hierarchical geography terminology, which allow for searching at the city, state, regional, and country level.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to theaters or production companies in specific geographic locations. It is used in the Find Theaters and Find Companies screens.

Practical Example: Find all theaters located in the southern states of the United States.

• Click on Find Theaters on the navigation bar.
• Enter "southern states" into the Location field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all theaters that meet the criteria.

4.2.21 Lyricist

Description:  This field contains the names of person(s) responsible for lyrics listed in plays that are included in the database, and for which information has been found. It is not comprehensive. Names are listed in Last Name, First Name order.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to plays with lyrics written by a specific person. It is used in the Find Plays and Search Plays screens.

4.2.22 Music

Description:  This field contains the names of the person(s) responsible for the music in productions that are included in the database, and for which information has been found. It is not comprehensive. Names are listed in Last Name, First Name order.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to productions with music by a specific person. It is used in the Find Productions screen.

Practical Example: Find all productions with music by Joseph Gonzalez.

• Click on Find Productions on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Gonzalez" into the Music field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all productions that meet the criteria.

4.2.23 Nationality

Description: This field is used to describe the nationality of the author or character - such as American or Cuban.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict search to works by authors of a particular nationality. It is used in the Find Authors, Find Poems, Find Characters, Find Plays, Search Works, and Search Plays screens.

Practical Example: Find all sources written by Puerto Ricans.

• Click on Search Works on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Puerto Rican" into the Nationality field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all sources that meet the criteria.

4.2.24 Number of Characters

Description:  This field contains the number of characters in a play or scene.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to plays or scenes featuring a specific number of characters. It is used in the Find Scenes screen.

Practical Example: Find all scenes with only 2 characters in them.

• Click on Find Scenes on the navigation bar.
• Enter "2" into the Number of Characters field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all scenes that meet the criteria.

4.2.25 Number of Productions

Description:  This field contains the number of productions a theatrical or production company has staged as identified in the database.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to production companies that have staged a specific number of productions. It is used in the Find Companies screen.

Practical Example: Find all production companies that have staged 2 productions.

• Click on Find Companies on the navigation bar.
• Enter "2" into the Number of Productions field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all production companies that meet the criteria.

4.2.26 Occupation

Description: This field describes the author's or character's occupation, if any. It is an optional field.

How to use this field: Use this field to find works written by an author in a particular occupation - for example, all teachers. It is used in the Find Authors, Find Scenes, Find Characters, Search Works, and Search Plays screens.

Note: All occupations throughout an author's life are entered. This is not tied to when the author is writing. An individual may have several occupations throughout his or her life.

Practical Example: Find all works written by teachers.

• Click on Search Works on the navigation bar.
• Enter "teacher" into the Occupation field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all sources that meet the criteria.

Note: To see what Occupation terms are available click the Terms button. Copy terms that you want and paste them into the field. Be careful to delete any semicolons and replace them with the appropriate Boolean operator.

4.2.27 Original Language

Description:  This field contains the language in which a work was originally written. When works of collected poems or stories include items written in various languages, all languages are included. The language of a translated edition is not noted.

How to use this field: Use this field to restrict your search to works originally written in a specific language. It is used in the Find Poems, Find Plays, Search Works, and Search Plays screens.

Practical Example: Find all works originally written in Spanish.

• Click on Search Works on the navigation bar.
• Enter "spanish" into the Original Language field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all sources that meet the criteria.

4.2.28 Performances

Description: This field contains the number of performances for specific productions that we have listed in the database.  It is a numeric field.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all productions that have a specific number of or range of performances.  To search for performances less than a particular number use a dash to the left of the number (e.g. -50 will retrieve all productions that had up to 50 performances).  To search for performances greater than a particular number use a dash to the right of the number (e.g. 50- will retrieve all productions that had more than 50 performances.)  To find cases where the number of performances is not known key in 9999. It is used in the Find Productions screen.

Practical Example: Find all productions with between 2 and 5 performances.

• Click on Find Productions on the navigation bar.
• Enter "2-5" into the Performances field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all productions that meet the criteria.

4.2.29 Performers

Description: This field contains the names of performers within productions for which information is in the database.  This field also contains alternate names and abbreviations of a particular character.  Names are listed in Last Name, First Name order.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all productions that contain a particular person, or to find which characters a particular person has played, or which theaters a particular performer has performed. It is used in the Find Productions, Find Theaters, Find Characters, Find Resources, Find Companies, Find Plays, and Search Plays screens.

Practical Example: Find all characters in the database that were played by Steven Culp.

• Click on Find Characters on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Culp" into the Performers field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all characters that meet the criteria.

4.2.30 Person Based On

Description: This field contains the names of characters in the database based on non-fictional individuals. Names are listed in Last Name, First Name order.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all scenes that feature a particular individual. It is used in the Find Characters screen.

Practical Example: Find all characters that are based on Malcolm X.

• Click on Find Characters on the navigation bar.
• Enter "X, Malcolm" into the Person Based On field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all characters that meet the criteria.

4.2.31 Place of Birth

Description: This field describes the location of the author's birth, if known. It is an optional field.

How to use this field: Use this field to find authors born in a particular place or region. It is used in the Find Authors, Find Poems, and Search Works screens.

Note: Use "Not indicated" to find occurrences where we have been unable to determine the place of birth.

Practical Example: Find all authors born in Chile.

• Click on Find Authors on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Chile" into the Place of Birth field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all authors that meet the criteria.

Note: To see what Place of Birth terms are available click the Terms button. Copy terms that you want and paste them into the field. Be careful to delete any semicolons and replace them with the appropriate Boolean operator.

4.2.32 Place of Death

Description: This field describes the location of the author's death, if known. It is an optional field.

How to use this field: Use this field to find authors who died in a particular place or region. It is used in the Find Authors, Find Poems, and Search Works screens.

Note: Use "Not indicated" to find occurrences where we have been unable to determine the place of death.

Practical Example: Find all authors who died in California.

• Click on Find Authors on the navigation bar.
• Enter "California" into the Place of Death field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all authors that meet the criteria.

Note: To see what Place of Death terms are available click the Terms button. Copy terms that you want and paste them into the field. Be careful to delete any semicolons and replace them with the appropriate Boolean operator.

4.2.33 Play Code

Description: This field indicates the unique identifier of a play.

How to use this field: This field is intended for advanced users to find a specific play. It is used in the Find Plays and Search Plays screens.

4.2.34 Previously Unpublished

Description: This field is a 'Yes/No' field that indicates whether a play has been formally published prior to this electronic edition. This field is populated through research of the existing bibliographic literature, and in some cases with information from the original author.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all plays in the database that have not been published before. It is used in the Find Plays, Search Works and Search Plays screens.

Practical Example: Find all unpublished plays in the database.

• Click on Find Plays on the navigation bar.
• Select "Yes" in the Previously Unpublished drop-down box.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all plays that meet the criteria.

4.2.35 Producer

Description: This field contains the names of the producer(s) for productions that are included in the database, and for which information has been found.  It is not comprehensive.  Names are listed in Last Name, First Name order.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all plays produced by a particular person. It is found in the Find Productions screen.

Practical Example: Find all plays that Roberto Federico produced.

• Click on Find Productions on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Federico, Roberto" into the Producer field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all productions that meet the criteria.

Note: To find productions where the producer is not indicated, search for "Not Indicated" in the Producer field.

4.2.36 Production Code

Description: This field indicates the unique identifier of a production.

How to use this field: This field is intended for advanced users to find a specific production. It is used only in the Find Productions screen.

4.2.37 Production Company

Description: This field indicates the name of the production or theatrical company.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all plays or productions associated with a specific production company. It is used in the Find Productions, Find Resources, Find Companies, Find Plays and Search Plays screens.

Practical Example: Find all plays performed by the Cheap Theater Company.

• Click on Find Plays on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Cheap Theater" into the Production Company field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all plays that meet the criteria.

4.2.38 Production Title

Description: This field contains the title of productions in the database. The title is a composite of the play title, the production company, the theater where the production was staged, the city in which the production was staged and the date of the first performance.

How to use this field: This field is primarily used to identify particular productions.  It can be used to execute keyword searches in titles. It is used in the Find Productions screen.

4.2.39 Production Type

Description: This field contains the type of production, for example a run, a tour or a single performance.

How to use this field: Use this field to find different types of productions. It is used in the Find Productions screen.

Practical Example: Find all runs of the play Lucy Loves Me.

• Click on Find Productions on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Lucy Loves Me" into the Play Title field.
• Enter "run" into the Play Type field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all productions that meet the criteria.

4.2.40 Publisher

Description: This field indicates the name of the publisher of the source work.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all source works by a particular publisher. It is used in the Search Works screen.

Practical Example: Find all sources that were privately printed.

• Click on Search Works on the navigation bar.
• Enter "privately" into the Publisher field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all sources that meet the criteria.

Note: Publisher names are standardized and may vary from the form of the name that appears on the source's title page.

4.2.41 Race

Description: This field indicates the race of an author or a character. It is a controlled list and includes values of Asian, Black, Hispanic, Not indicated, or White in the Find Scenes and Find Characters screens. In the

How to use this field: Use this field to find authors or characters of a specific race. It is used in the Find Authors, Find Essays, Find Poems, Find Scenes, and Find Characters screens.

Practical Example: Find all Hispanic male characters.

• Click on Find Characters on the navigation bar.
• Select "M" from the Gender drop-down box.
• Enter "Hispanic" into the Race field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all characters that meet the criteria.

4.2.42 Religion

Description: This field contains the religion of the author, where known.

How to use this field: Use this field to find poems written by authors of a particular religion, or to identify authors of a particular religion. It is used in the Find Authors, Find Poems, Find Plays, Search Works and Search Plays screens.

Practical Example: Find all poems written by Catholics.

• Click on Find Poems on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Catholic" into the Religion field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all poems that meet the criteria.

4.2.43 Resource Title

Description: This field contains the title of a particular resource contained in the database.

How to use this field: Use this field to find a particular resource. To see a list of resources in the database click the Terms button to the right of the Resource Title field. It is used in the Find Resources screen.
 

4.2.44 Scene Code

Description: This field indicates the unique identifier of a scene.

How to use this field: This field is intended for advanced users to find a specific scene. It is used only in the Find Scenes screen.

4.2.45 Schools Attended

Description: This field contains the names of schools attended by authors. For contemporary authors, these schools are usually limited to college or graduate school names; for authors working before 1950, this may include high school names.

How to use this field: Use this field to find authors who attended a specific college or university. It is used in the Find Authors and Search Works screens.

Practical Example: Find all authors who attended NYU.

• Click on Find Authors on the navigation bar.
• Enter "New York University" into the School Attended field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all authors that meet the criteria.

4.2.46 Set Designer

Description: This field contains the names of individuals responsible for the set design listed in productions that are included in the database, and for which information has been found. It is not comprehensive. Names are listed Last Name, First Name.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all set designers for productions. It is used in the Find Productions screen.

Practical Example: Find all productions where the set design was done by Steve Rohde.

• Click on Find Productions on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Rohde" into the Set Designer field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all productions that meet the criteria.

Note: To find productions where the set designer is not indicated, search for "Not indicated" in the Set Designer field.

4.2.47 Settings

Description: This field contains the setting for a particular scene, for example Honolulu, HI, Haiti - Urban - Park - Exterior. It is taken from the manuscript of the play. It is not controlled.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all interior or exterior scenes, or scenes in a particular location or that contain bars. It can be used with a keyword. It is used in the Find Scenes, Find Plays and Search Plays screens. If this field is used in the Find Plays or Search Plays screens it will respond with plays that contain a particular scene, rather than scenes.

Practical Example: Find all exterior scenes in an urban setting.

• Click on Find Scenes on the navigation bar.
• Enter "exterior AND urban" into the Setting field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all scenes that meet the criteria.

4.2.48 Sexual Orientation

Description: This field contains the sexual orientation of a character within a play. It is controlled. Potential values are Heterosexual and Not indicated. Only if an author identifies a character's sexual orientation in the manuscript is it entered as such.

How to use this field: Use this field to identify characters by their sexual orientation. It is used in the Find Characters screen only.

Practical Example: Find all plays that are comedies where the characters' sexual orientation is not indicated.

• Click on Find Characters on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Not indicated" into the Sexual Orientation field.
• Enter "comedy" into the Genre field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all plays that meet the criteria.

4.2.49 Sound

Description: This field contains the names of individuals responsible for the sound in productions that are included in the database, and for which information has been found. It is not comprehensive. Names are listed in Last Name, First Name order.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all productions where the sound was done by a particular individual. It is used in the Find Productions screen.

Practical Example: Find all productions where the sound was done by Kevin Kelley.

• Click on Find Productions on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Kelley, Kevin" into the Sound field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all productions that meet the criteria.

Note: To find productions where the person responsible for sound is not indicated, search for "Not Indicated" in the Sound field.

4.2.50 Source Number

Description: This field contains the unique identifier for each source in the database.

How to use this field: This field is intended for advanced users to locate specific works. It is used in the Search Works screen.

4.2.51 Start Month/Start Year

Description: These fields contains the month and year in which a particular production began.

How to use this field: Use these fields to find all productions done before, after or within a range of months or years. To find productions before a certain year place a dash to the left of the year (e.g. -1960 will find productions begun before 1960). To find productions after a certain year place a dash to the right of the year (e.g. 1960- will find productions after 1960). You can also search for ranges (e.g. 1960-1980). They are used in the Find Productions screen.

Practical Example: Find all productions that began between 1960 and 1980.

• Click on Find Productions on the navigation bar.
• Enter "1960-1980" into the Start Year field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all productions that meet the criteria.

Note: To find productions where the start month or year is unknown key in 9999.

4.2.52 Subject Headings

Description: This is a composite field consisting of all terms in the Name Subject field, Organization Subject field, Title as Subject field, Topical Subject field, Broad Subject field, Historical Event subject field, and Geographic Subject field. This field is used in two different locations - one for scenes and one for plays. The subject headings for scenes are much more specific than those for plays. Subject headings for plays are broad and are intended to be general. Subject Headings are not assigned to works of fiction or poetry.

How to use this field: This field can be used to find a wide range of materials, including specific places, people, works of literature, and historical events. It is used in the Find Scenes and Find Plays screens.

Practical example: Find all scenes pertaining to brothers.

• Click on Find Scenes on the navigation bar.
• Enter "brothers" into the All Subjects field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all scenes that meet the criteria.

Note: To see what Subject terms are available click the Terms button. Copy terms that you want and paste them into the field. Be careful to delete any semicolons and replace them with the appropriate Boolean operator.

Description: This field contains the districts where theaters that are in the database are located.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all theaters or productions within a district. It is used in the Find Productions and Find Theaters screens.

Practical Example: Find all productions from Off Broadway.

• Click on Find Productions on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Off Broadway" into the Theater District field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all productions that meet the criteria.

Note: To find productions where the theater district is not indicated, search for "Not Indicated" in the Theater District field.

4.2.54 Theater Name

Description: This field contains the names of theaters that are in the database.

How to use this field: Use this field to find a particular theater. To see a full list of all theaters in the database go to the Table of Contents - Theaters screen using the Table of Contents navigation bar. This field can also be used to identify what plays have been produced at a particular theater that are in the database. It is used in the Find Productions, Find Theaters, Find Plays and Search Plays screens.

Practical Example: Find all plays produced at the Ivy Substation.

• Click on Find Plays on the navigation bar.
• Enter "Ivy Substation" into the Theater Name field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all plays that meet the criteria.

Description: This field describes the kind of theater. It is controlled. Allowable terms in this field include proscenium, theater-in-round, open-air, square.

How to use this field: Use this field to find a production or theaters that use a particular kind of theater style. It is used in the Find Productions and Find Theaters screens.

Practical Example: Find all blackbox theaters.

• Click on Find Theaters on the navigation bar.
• Enter "blackbox" into the Theater Style field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all theaters that meet the criteria.

4.2.56 Title

Description: Use this field to find Sources, Plays, Poems, and Scenes by title. It is a mandatory field.

How to use this field: Use this field to find sources with specific words in the title. It is used in all the Find and Search screens, with the exception of Find Authors.

Practical Example: Find all poems with dream, dreaming, dreamy, etc. in the title.

• Click on Find Poems on the navigation bar.
• Enter "dream*" into the Search Keyword in Poem Titles field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all poems that meet the criteria.

4.2.57 Venue Code

Description: This field contains the unique venue code for each theater in the database.

How to use this field: This field is intended for advanced users to locate specific theaters. It is used in the Find Theaters screen.

4.2.58 Written For

Description: This field contains the medium that the play was originally created for - e.g. radio, stage, television. It is controlled.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all plays written for a particular medium, to search for scenes that were written for a particular medium, or to examine the texts of plays written for one medium versus another. It is used in the Find Scenes, Find Plays, and Search Plays screens.

Practical Example: Find all scenes written for radio after 1950.

• Click on Find Scenes on the navigation bar.
• Enter "radio" into the Written For field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all scenes that meet the criteria.

4.2.59 Year Created (for Resources)

Description: This field contains the year a resource was created or published as far as can be determined. This date is populated by taking the date of the performance referred to in the resource, by taking the date a resource was published, or from the date written on the resource. In some cases the resource may have been created earlier and not published until later.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all resources created/published before, after or within a range of years. To find resources created/published before a certain year place a dash to the left of the year (e.g. -1960 will find resources created before 1960). To find resources after a certain year place a dash to the right of the year (e.g. 1960- will find resources after 1960). You can also search for ranges (e.g. 1960-1980). It is used in the Find Resources screen.

Practical Example: Find all resources that were created/published between 1960 and 1980.

• Click on Find Resources on the navigation bar.
• Enter "1960-1980" into the Year Created field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all resources that meet the criteria.

Note: To find resources where the year is unknown key in 9999.

4.2.60 Year First Produced

Description: This field contains the year a play was first produced.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all plays first produced before a year, after a year or within a range of years. To find plays first produced before a certain year place a dash to the left of the year (e.g. -1960 will find plays produced before 1960). To find resources after a certain year place a dash to the right of the year (e.g. 1960- will find plays first produced after 1960). You can also search for ranges (e.g. 1960-1980). It is used in the Find Characters, Find Plays, and Search Plays screens.

4.2.61 Year of Birth

Description: This field describes the year of the author's birth, if known. It is an optional field.

How to use this field: Use this field to find authors who died in a particular year or period. It is used in the Find Authors, Find Poems, and Search Works screens.

Practical Example: Find all authors who were born from 1820-1910.

• Click on Find Authors on the navigation bar.
• Enter "1820-1910" into the Year of Birth field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all authors that meet the criteria.

Note: To search for occurrences where we could not ascertain the year of birth, key in 9999.

4.2.62 Year of Death

Description: This field describes the year of the author's death, if known. It is an optional field.

How to use this field: Use this field to find authors who died in a particular year or period. It is used in the Find Authors, Find Poems, and Search Works screens.

Practical Example: Find all authors who died in 1965.

• Click on Find Authors on the navigation bar.
• Enter "1965" into the Year of Death field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all authors that meet the criteria.

Note: To search for occurrences where we could not ascertain the year of death, key in 9999.

4.2.63 Year Published

Description: This field contains the year a play was published as far as can be determined. This date is populated by taking the earliest date of publication.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all plays published before, after or within a range of years. To find plays published before a certain year place a dash to the left of the year (e.g. -1960 will find plays published before 1960). To find plays after a certain year place a dash to the right of the year (e.g. 1960- will find plays after 1960). You can also search for ranges (e.g. 1960-1980). It is used in the Find Characters, Find Plays, Search Works, and Search Plays screens.

Practical Example: Find all plays that were published between 1960 and 1980.

• Click on Find Plays on the navigation bar.
• Enter "1960-1980" into the Year published field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all plays that meet the criteria.

Note: To find plays where the publication year is unknown key in 9999.

4.2.64 Year Written

Description: This field contains the year a play was written or published as far as can be determined. This date is populated by taking the earliest date of the performance, by taking the date a play was published, or from the date, if written, on the original manuscript. In some cases the play may have been created earlier and not published until later.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all plays created/published before, after or within a range of years. To find plays created/published before a certain year place a dash to the left of the year (e.g. -1960 will find plays created before 1960). To find plays after a certain year place a dash to the right of the year (e.g. 1960- will find plays after 1960). You can also search for ranges (e.g. 1960-1980). It is used in the Find Characters, Find Plays, and Search Plays screens.

Practical Example: Find all plays that were created/published between 1980 and 1990.

• Click on Find Plays on the navigation bar.
• Enter "1980-1990" into the Year Written field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all plays that meet the criteria.

Note: To find plays where the year is unknown key in 9999.

5.1 OCCURRENCES WITH CONTEXT/CONTEXT DISPLAY

Occurrences with Context Display is the default results format option. This report indicates the number of texts searched, the search term(s) entered in a defined corpus, and the total number of occurrences found. (The number of occurrences displays at the top of the report if PhiloLogic has detected the number before generating the first 25 occurrences. If not, the total number of occurrences displays at the bottom of the report.) Following this general information is a list of occurrences.

Each occurrence is represented by a short citation consisting of abbreviations for the author's name and the title of the work with a reference to where the term(s) in question occur within the document. (Full entries for the short citations are listed in the Results Bibliography at the bottom of the report.) Along side the citation is listed several levels of context, shown in red in the example below (links to the table of contents and occurrences have been disabled).

cordial welcome." 21. --When I reflect on the multitudes of my fellow-creatures who are perishing for lack of vision, and that I am living at ease, without aiding in the promulgation of the Gospel, I am almost ready to wish myself a man, that I might spend my life with the poor heathen. But I check the thought, and would not alter one plan of Infinite wisdom. I could, however, cheerfully endure pain and hardship for them, and for my dear Redeemer. Has he not given his life for multitudes now perishing, as well as for my soul? And Oh, how basely ungrateful and selfish in

• The citation indicates the original source of the material.
• Page 29 - indicates the page where the occurrence was found. Pages, whenever possible, refer to the page of the print edition. Click on it to go to the page.
• Paragraph - indicates the paragraph where the occurrence was found. Click on it to go to the Paragraph.
• Section - indicates the Section where the occurrence was found. In the case of a letter this is usually the same as the Document, but in the case of a diary this is a day of the month. Click on it to go to it.
• Document - indicates the entire document. Click to view the whole document.

Below the short citation there is a passage of text consisting of some forty words on either side of the key word, which is highlighted. PhiloLogic, however, displays as much text as needed to capture all words in a multi-term search and all search words are highlighted. The reference listed with the short citation is linked to the text. If clicking on the page number, one retrieves the full page with key words still highlighted. The same is true for paragraph and the three other levels of hierarchy. Links to the previous and next page, paragraph or levels respectively, if they exist, are provided.

Note: Remember that, when searching for two or more terms within the same paragraph, the context display expands the amount of text displayed to include all of the search terms in the paragraph. At times the text displayed in a proximity search to accommodate all the search terms may be several screens in length since some paragraph divisions in documents in some databases are very far apart.

In cases where a search finds more than 25 occurrences, PhiloLogic provides the first 25 occurrences with links at the bottom of the report to the remaining occurrences of the search in sets of one hundred. One may also retrieve a full list of occurrences which can be useful for down-loading or printing, but which may take some time to retrieve. Note: when results number over hundreds or thousands of occurrences, the report may not be complete when first starting to view results. In this case, one sees the message "The search is still in progress. 908 occurrences have been generated so far. (please follow the link(s) below to check on the progress) ". The server continues to append results until it has completed the entire report and, by clicking on any of the sets of one hundred, one can retrieve the full report.

The Line-by-Line display indicates the number of texts searched, the search term(s) entered in a defined corpus, and the total number of occurrences found. (The number of occurrences displays at the top of the report if PhiloLogic has detected the number before generating the first 25 occurrences. If not, the total number of occurrences displays at the bottom of the report.) Following this general information is a list of occurrences. Each occurrence is represented by a short citation consisting of abbreviations for the author's name and the title of the work with a reference to where the term(s) in question occur within the document. References (E.g. Bayley:D1266-14) are a concatenation of an Author abbreviation, the document identifier within the database, and the Page Number. The report is followed by the Results Bibliography, wherein you can find a full citation for the References in the report. Here is an example of the Line-by-Line display (links to the table of contents and occurrences have been disabled).

Context Display Sorted by Author Sorted by Source

1. Morris:D43-3 (p.27)re. Jan. 31st, 1777 The scruples of my own mind being satisfied
2. Kemble:D757-4 (p.251)> time, Mrs.----, less scrupulous and without asking my leave
3. Dawson:D373-9 (p.263)rprise, so we did not scruple to leave Lilly.... The Baton Ro
4. Dawson:D373-6 (p.127) The soldiers did not scruple to laugh at us. Those who were
5. Dawson:D373-8 (p.219)of Charlie, so had no scruples about offering their services;
6. Dawson:D373-8 (p.230)ked because he was so scrupulously neat while the others were

A Line-by-Line Display differs from a Context Report in that it limits the text displayed to only a single line of text. The search term, which is highlighted, is centered in the line so that a user can quickly scan the results. At the bottom of the report one finds the Results Bibliography, which lists the full references for the short citations above. Unlike the Context report, a Line-by-Line Display only offers one level of linked context.

The user may toggle from the Line-by-Line Display to a Context Report or to the results sorted by Author and Sorted by Source.

In cases where a search finds more than 25 occurrences, PhiloLogic provides the first 25 occurrences with links at the bottom of the report to the remaining occurrences of the search in sets of one hundred. One may also retrieve a full list of occurrences which can be useful for down-loading or printing, but which may take some time to retrieve. Note: when results number over hundreds or thousands of occurrences, the report may not be complete when first starting to view results. In this case, one sees the message "The search is still in progress. [908] occurrences have been generated so far. (please follow the link(s) below to check on the progress) ". The server continues to append results until it has completed the entire report and, by clicking on any of the sets of one hundred, one can retrieve the full report.

Note: When executing a "Proximity Search," especially with paragraph set as the searching parameter, it is best to avoid the Line-by-line format since all search terms are not likely to be in the single line of text displayed. The term that is located first in the paragraph is the one that is centered in the single line of text. Using the Context results format ensures that all terms are included in the display even if the paragraph should happen to run for several pages. One can switch from a Line-by-line format to a Context Report format at any time while viewing results and switch back. PhiloLogic takes the user to the same set of results being viewed at the time of the switch.

Results can be sorted using a Sorted by Source report. To do this choose Frequency by Source at the bottom of the Letter, Diary or Advanced Search screens, or click on Sort by Source when in a context display.

This report indicates the bibliographic criteria entered, the number of documents searched, the search term(s) entered, the number of unique forms derived from the search term(s) within the database, a list of those unique forms, and the total number of occurrences found in the defined corpus. Following this information, the report indicates the number of occurrences by title in descending order of frequency with a link to the digital table of contents for each title and a link to the occurrences found within that title.

This report also shows what terms within a database one's search criteria are searching (for example, one can discover that entering the search term school.* in the database searches for all these unique terms above). See below for an example (links to the table of contents and occurrences have been disabled).

Search Terms: measles | Measles

Your search found 3 occurrences.

1. Life of Abby Hopper Gibbons: Told Chiefly through Her Correspondence, vol. 2: 2
2: Gibbons, Abigail Hopper, 1801-1893 Letter from Abigail Hopper Gibbons to Susan Hopper, June 6, 1863[Occurrences]
2. Life of Abby Hopper Gibbons: Told Chiefly through Her Correspondence, vol. 1: 1
1: Gibbons, Abigail Hopper, 1801-1893 Letter from Abigail Hopper Gibbons to Anne Warren Weston and Deborah Weston, March 24, 1841[Occurrences]

The Frequency by Source Report is useful if one is curious how frequently an author uses term(s) in one work as compared to his/her other works or in his/her works as compared to others' works.

Any definable corpus or search can be used in generating this report. Unlike Context Display and Line-by-line reports, this report does not display text, only frequency statistics with links to occurrences displayed in Context Display format. Note: the sets of occurrences linked to from the frequency report are numbered in chronological order, not by frequency. In other words, clicking on the [Occurrences] link for a title at the top of the list could, for example, bring up occurrences numbered 21-28 instead of 1-8 because that title while ranked first in frequency is not first chronologically.

Results can be sorted by using a Frequency by Year report. This report indicates how many times a work occurred in documents in a particular year. To do this choose Frequency by Year at the bottom of the Letter, Diary or Advanced Search screens.

A Frequency by Year report indicates the bibliographic criteria entered, the number of documents searched, the search term(s) entered, the number of unique forms derived from the search term(s) within the database, a list of those unique forms, and the total number of occurrences found in the defined corpus. Following this information, the report indicates the number of occurrences by title in descending order of frequency with a link to the digital table of contents for each title and a link to the occurrences found within that title.

This report also shows what terms within a database one's search criteria are searching (for example, one can discover that entering the search term craft* in the database searches for these unique terms). See below for an example (links to the table of contents and occurrences have been disabled).

Search Terms: craft | crafty | Crafts

Your search found 10 occurrences.

1. 1839: 4
2: Kemble, Frances Anne, 1809-1893 Letter from Frances Anne Kemble to Elizabeth Dwight Sedgwick, 1839[Occurrences]
1: Kemble, Frances Anne, 1809-1893 Letter from Frances Anne Kemble to Elizabeth Dwight Sedgwick, 1839[Occurrences]
1: Kemble, Frances Anne, 1809-1893 Letter from Frances Anne Kemble to Elizabeth Dwight Sedgwick, February, 1839[Occurrences]
2. 1840: 3
1: Steele, Eliza R. Stansbury Letter from Eliza R. Steele, July 12, 1840[Occurrences]
1: Steele, Eliza R. Stansbury Letter from Eliza R. Steele, July 11, 1840[Occurrences]
1: Steele, Eliza R. Stansbury Letter from Eliza R. Steele, June 14, 1840[Occurrences]
3. 1830: 2
1: Willard, Emma Hart, 1787-1870 Letter from Emma Hart Willard, December 8, 1830[Occurrences]
1: Willard, Emma Hart, 1787-1870 Letter from Emma Hart Willard to Almira H. Phelps, December 2, 1830[Occurrences]
4. 1831: 1
1: Willard, Emma Hart, 1787-1870 Letter from Emma Hart Willard, February 14, 1831[Occurrences]

The Sorted by Year Report is useful if one is curious how frequently a word appears over time. Any definable corpus or search can be used in generating this report. Unlike Context Display and Line-by-line reports, this report does not display text, only frequency statistics with links to occurrences displayed in Context Display format.

In Context Display one finds several options for viewing more context around one's matched term(s). In addition to page and paragraph, you'll see section and page. These divisions reflect the logical organization of the document from smaller parts (paragraph) to larger parts document. What each level represents depends upon the text itself.

Each letter is considered to be a document, no matter how long it is. A diary is divided into paragraphs, sections (typically a day), and documents (a month of entries). For diaries with short entries you will find it easiest to view the full document. For diaries with longer entries you will find it easiest to view section by section.

Any part of any level may be selected by simply clicking on it. Once a user goes to a second level of context, he/she will find the search term(s) still highlighted. One may also find the next and previous sections for each level if one should wish to "flip through" the document by sections (provided that a next or previous section exists for a given level).

Notes: In PhiloLogic notes never interfere when searching the text to which they refer. Note references are linked to notes and occurrences in text from notes are linked to page references. Note and page references can be found on any level of context (e.g., Page, Paragraph, Section, Document), but not from a first-level results screen.

Images: Images are displayed as both inline images and linked to images once the user pulls up any level of context (e.g., Page, Paragraph, Section, Document), but not from a first-level results screen.