Table of Contents 1. GUIDED TOUR 2. INTRODUCTION 2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 DATABASE FUNCTIONALITY 2.3 DATABASE STRUCTURE - SECTIONS AND SOURCES 2.4 SEARCH NAVIGATION BAR 2.5 TABLE OF CONTENTS NAVIGATION BAR 2.6 NOTES ON MARK-UP CONVENTIONS 2.7 ABOUT THE SEARCH SOFTWARE 3. FINDING TOOLS 3.1 FIND SOURCES 3.2 FIND AUTHORS 3.3 FIND ENCOUNTERS 3.4 FIND IMAGES 4. SEARCHING 4.1 SEARCH OVERVIEW 4.2 FULL-TEXT SEARCHING 4.2.1 Full-Text Searching 4.2.2 Wildcard Characters in Full-Text Searching 4.2.3 Wildcards and Boolean Operators in Full-Text Searching 4.2.4 Punctuation and Full-Text Searching 4.2.5 Selecting a Search Option 4.3 FIELD SEARCHING 4.3.1 Searching in Specific Fields 4.3.2 Advanced Field Searching with Regular Expression Operators 4.3.3 Punctuation and Spacing in Fielded Searching 5. FIELDS AND THEIR DESCRIPTIONS 5.1 LIST OF ALL FIELDS THAT CAN BE SEARCHED 5.2 FIELD DESCRIPTIONS WITH SAMPLE SEARCHES 5.2.1 Age at Death 5.2.2 Artist 5.2.3 Author Name 5.2.4 Author of Source Work 5.2.5 Author's Gender 5.2.6 Cultural Affiliation 5.2.7 Cultural Events 5.2.8 Cultural Groups 5.2.9 Description [of Encounter] 5.2.10 Document Type 5.2.11 Editor or Translator 5.2.12 Encounter Code 5.2.13 Encounter Name 5.2.14 Encounter Type 5.2.15 Estimated Number of People 5.2.16 Expedition 5.2.17 Fatalities during Encounter 5.2.18 Fauna 5.2.19 Flora 5.2.20 Geophysical Features 5.2.21 Image Color 5.2.22 Image ID 5.5.23 Image Medium 5.5.24 Image Source 5.2.25 Image Subjects 5.2.26 Image Title 5.2.27 Image Type 5.2.28 Keyword in Caption 5.5.29 Keyword in Content Note or Descriptive Note   5.2.30 Keyword in Source Note 5.2.31 Keyword in Titles 5.2.32 Language of Edition 5.2.33 Location 5.2.34 Month Written 5.2.35 Nationality 5.2.36 Natural Phenomena 5.2.37 Note 5.2.38 Occupation 5.2.39 Original Language 5.2.40 Participants 5.2.41 Personal Events 5.2.42 Place of Birth 5.2.43 Place of Death 5.2.44 Place of Publication 5.2.45 Places Discussed 5.2.46 Previously Unpublished 5.2.47 Publication Year 5.2.48 Publisher 5.2.49 Race 5.2.50 Recipient 5.2.51 Record Number 5.2.52 Religion 5.2.53 Search Texts 5.2.54 Societal Role 5.2.55 Start Day 5.2.56 Start Month 5.2.57 Start Year 5.2.58 Title of Source Work 5.2.59 Subject Headings 5.2.60 Where Sent (Geographical) 5.2.61 Where Written (Geographical) 5.2.62 Where Written (Setting) 5.2.63 Year of Birth 5.2.64 Year of Death 5.2.65 Year Written 6. RESULTS 6.1 OCCURRENCES WITH CONTEXT/CONTEXT DISPLAY 6.2 LINE-BY-LINE DISPLAY 6.3 SORTING RESULTS BY AUTHOR 6.4 SORTING RESULTS BY SOURCE 6.5 SORTING RESULTS BY YEAR 6.6 NAVIGATING DOCUMENTS FROM WORD SEARCHES

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2.5 TABLE OF CONTENTS NAVIGATION BAR The Tables of Contents Navigation Bar lets you move around the Tables of Contents tools. It works in the same way as the Search Tool bar. When using these tools, the Tables of Contents are expanded and the Full Text Searches are collapsed. You can toggle between the two by clicking Tables of Contents or Search. The Tables of Contents are divided into eleven separate categories, all of which provide quick access to specific documents within the database. Authors - a list of every major author in the database Sources - a complete list of every source (work or manuscripts) in the database Year - every document entry organized by year Encounters - a list of encounters between cultural groups, with all documents pertaining to each event Peoples - a list of all peoples discussed in the database, with all document pertaining to each group Images - a list of all images contained in the database, with a thumbnail of each image Places - reports, letters and diary entries organized by where they are written, sent and their subject Fauna - a list of all animals discussed in the database, with all documents pertaining to each animal Flora - a list of all plant life discussed in the database, with all documents pertaining to each plant Environment - a list of Geophysical Features and Natural Phenomena, with all documents pertaining to each Personal Events and Cultural Events - a list of key life events in the life of an author or significant cultural events, with all documents pertaining to each event The yellow indicates which table of contents you are using. The yellow moves as you move from tool to tool. You may click on the maroon parts of the Navigation bar to move to the appropriate tool. (The graphic above is just an illustration; it does not have live links.) 2.6 NOTES ON MARK-UP CONVENTIONS Materials in the database have been transcribed using original spellings and grammar. In some documents spelling is inconsistent, even within a sentence. For more information on mark-up conventions, contact the Editor. 2.7 ABOUT THE SEARCH SOFTWARE PhiloLogic, a suite of software developed by the ARTFL Project at the University of Chicago in collaboration with The University of Chicago Library's electronic text services, provides sophisticated searching of large encoded databases on the World Wide Web. It is an easy to use yet powerful full-text search, retrieval, and reporting system for large multimedia databases (texts, images, sound) with the ability to handle complex text structures with extensive indexed metadata. PhiloLogic in its simplest form serves as a document retrieval or look up mechanism whereby users can search relational databases retrieve given documents and, in some implementations, portions of texts such as acts, scenes, articles, or head-words. This same document retrieval       mechanism serves as the basis for defining a corpus in a full-text search.  One can, for example, either retrieve all documents in a database written       by women from 1935 through 1945 or one can search for words or phrases within database which fit those criteria. The typical PhiloLogic search is       broken down into five distinct stages: 1) defining a corpus (i.e. limiting a search), 2) word expansion, 3) word index searching, 4) text extraction, and 5) link resolution and formatting (e.g., SGML to HTML conversion). In other words, after defining a corpus (or one may search an entire database), one can execute a single term, phrase or proximity search. By looking up indices of the word(s) in a relational database, PhiloLogic extracts blocks of text containing the search term(s) with links to larger blocks of text. These extracts are formatted to display on a Web browser and sometimes include links to images, sound recordings, other texts, or even other databases.    In addition to simple word and phrase searches, users can perform more  sophisticated searches by using extended UNIX-style regular expressions for complex wildcard searching and, in some implementations, morphological and orthographic expansion. All of these mechanisms to expand words can be combined using Boolean operators such as OR (the vertical bar "|") and AND (a space) within a variety of searching contexts. Its functions were originally designed for scholarly research in databases of literary, religious, philosophical, and historical collections of texts as well as important historical encyclopedias and dictionaries. PhiloLogic handles notes so as not to interfere with phrase searching. Users can easily search words with diacritics (either by specifying accents or ignoring them by typing in uppercase) and non-Romanized scripts. At present there are some fifty databases on the Web under PhiloLogic containing languages such as ancient Greek, Latin, Hindi, and Urdu as well as nearly all Western European languages. PhiloLogic can also be set up to recognize or ignore manuscript notations such as different brackets, which can indicate spurious text or editorial emendations. Because the software recognizes typical text structures as real data objects, it understands units, such as words, sentences, paragraphs, sections, and pages, permitting very flexible searching and retrieval of these textual objects. Other full-text engines on the market search for strings of characters. Rather than searching for two words within the same sentence or paragraph (intellectual units), other engines must search for two words within a certain number of characters regardless of sentence or paragraph. With PhiloLogic scholars always know where they are in a given text since pagination can be displayed along side other objects. Such a high degree of indexing can lead to decreases in speed, PhiloLogic indexing has been maximized such that it is still incredibly fast on the Web. For more information on PhiloLogic, contact Catherine Mardikes, ETS Coordinator, The University of Chicago Library.

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3. FINDING TOOLS 3.1 FIND SOURCES The Find Sources tool lets you find all the original works in the database that match your specific criteria. For example, you can find out all the sources published by the Pennsylvania Historical Society or see whether a particular edition is included. Practical Example: Find all sources that have slavery as a subject. Click on the navigation bar to get to Find Sources. Enter slavery in the Subject field. Click on the SEARCH button. The system responds with a list of all sources that meet the criteria. Note: For a detailed discussion of the fields in Find Sources see the section on Fields and their Descriptions below. 3.2 FIND AUTHORS The Find Authors tool lets you find authors in the database that match your specific criteria. For example, you can find all the authors in the database that were born between 1620 and 1630. Practical Example: Find all Naturalists in the database. Click on the navigation bar to get to Find Authors. Enter Naturalist in the Occupation field. Click on the SEARCH button. The system responds with a list of all authors that meet the criteria. Note: For a detailed discussion of the fields in Find Authors see the section on Fields and their Descriptions below.

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3.3 FIND ENCOUNTERS

The Find Encounters tool lets you find encounters in the database that match your specific criteria. For example, you can find all encounters between Father Paul le Jeune and the Huron.

Practical Example:
Find all encounters that were trade encounters. 

• Click on the navigation bar to get to Find Encounters.
• Enter Trade into the Encounter type field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all encounters that meet the criteria.

Note: For a detailed discussion of the fields in Find Encounters see the section on Fields and their Descriptions below.

3.4 FIND IMAGES

The Find Images tool lets you find images in the database that match your specific criteria. For example, you can find all images created by Theodor de Bry.

Practical Example:
Find all images created by John White.

• Click on the navigation bar to get to Find Images.
• Enter White, John into the Artist search box.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all images that meet the criteria.

Note: For a detailed discussion of the fields in Find Images see the section on Fields and their Descriptions below.

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4. SEARCHING 4.1 SEARCH OVERVIEW There are two basic kinds of searching in the database. Full-Text Searching enables you to do keyword searching for occurrences of words or phrases in the database. Bibliographic Searching allows you to create a set of documents for subsequent full-text searching. When you conduct a Bibliographic search, you are using descriptive fields to execute the search. The conventions used in each kind of searching are slightly different as shown below.

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4.2 FULL-TEXT SEARCHING 4.2.1 Full-Text Searching Full-Text Searching is when you search for specific words or phrases that occur in the texts themselves. PhiloLogic supports wildcard characters and Boolean (logical) operators, which are modeled on UNIX regular expressions to perform "pattern matching" in full-text searching. Pattern matching allows identification of a large number of words corresponding to a defined pattern. Wildcard characters can be useful, for example, in identifying cognates made obscure by affixes and vowel weakening, inconsistencies due to irregular orthography, and variations on account of word inflection as well as for discovering potential emendations for uncertain readings. The most commonly used regular expression operators (wildcard and Boolean) are listed below. 4.2.2 Wildcard Characters in Full-Text Searching . (period): matches any single character (e.g., gentlem.n will retrieve gentleman and gentlemen). * (asterisk): matches any string of characters, anchoring the match at the beginning of a word (e.g., cigar* will match cigar, cigars, cigarette, etc.). * (asterisk): matches any string of characters, anchoring the match at the end of a word (e.g., *habit will retrieve habit, cohabit, and inhabit), or in the middle (e.g., c.*eers matches compeers, cheers, and careers). .? (period question mark): matches the characters entered or the characters entered plus one more character in place of the question mark (e.g., hono.?r matches both honor and honour and cat.? matches cat and cats, but not cathedral, Catherine, etc.). [a-z] (brackets): matches a single character found in the specified range (e.g., [c-f]at will match cat, dat, eat, and fat) or any letters within the brackets (e.g., civili[zs]e will match both civilize and civilise). # (hash mark): matches capitalized words only (e.g., #bacon will retrieve Bacon, but not bacon). Otherwise word searches are case insensitive. Please note that this operator does not work properly in conjunction with the vertical bar (e.g., searching #hamlet|#bacon will not retrieve accurate results). E (capital letter): matches all accented and non-accented forms (e.g., to search naïveté regardless of accents type naIvetE). Note: If you are using wildcard characters and would like to see a full list of the words matching your search-term, then run your search as a Frequency by Author search. The results page of a Frequency by Author search lists all the terms found in a database that match your search-term. 4.2.3 Wildcards and Boolean Operators in Full-Text Searching The vertical line ( | ) is the OR operator (e.g., avarice|greed or holy ghost|spirit). Space: serves as the AND operator in sentence and paragraph Proximity Searching (e.g., church state retrieve all cases where church and state appear in the same specified context; this is not the case in phrase searching). These expressions can be combined for more sophisticated searches; for example, searching old|aged|ancient m.n|fellow* finds any of the three adjectives together with the nouns man or fellow in the singular or plural. 4.2.4 Punctuation and Full-Text Searching Hyphens: Hyphens act as word separators. Thus, one should treat hyphenated expressions as separate words excluding the hyphen (e.g., if searching for all-powerful, type in all powerful). Apostrophes: One must include apostrophes when searching words with apostrophes in them (e.g., only by typing God's will one find "God's"). In this database apostrophes do not act as word separators. Therefore contractions and elisions must be entered without spaces before or after the apostrophe. Ampersands: The ampersand (&) is not a searchable character. Avoid Phrase Searches where an ampersand may be used as a conjunction and realize that &c must be entered as simply c. 4.2.5 Selecting a Search Option PhiloLogic at this time offers two kinds of searches: "Single Term and Phrase Search," which is set up as the default, and "Proximity Searching in the Same Sentence or Paragraph." One may select and deselect a search option by clicking on the "radio" buttons. For a fuller discussion see the PhiloLogic User Manual

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4.3 FIELD SEARCHING 4.3.1 Searching in Specific Fields When entering search terms in bibliographic fields, as opposed to the full text search box, use the following Boolean operators: uppercase AND, OR, and NOT. One can use a NOT operator by itself (e.g., in the Type field enter: NOT editorial). It must be the first term in the box with no spaces preceding and it cannot be used with other Boolean operators 4.3.2 Advanced Field Searching with Regular Expression Operators As in full text searching, one can use regular expression operators for more specialized searching. The caret sign (^) at the beginning of a word anchors the match at the beginning of the entry (e.g., ^child will find the personal event "Childbirth," but not "Adoption of Child). One can also use the vertical line (|) as a Boolean operator OR. With this operator one can exclude two terms from one's search (e.g., NOT adams|burr). 4.3.3 Punctuation and Spacing in Fielded Searching When entering terms, punctuation and spacing must match exactly that in the fields. The following marks of punctuation produce a "Nothing found" message: ampersand (&), parentheses, question mark, and double quotes (""). If necessary for searching, replace the mark of punctuation with a period, which stand for any single character.

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5. FIELDS AND THEIR DESCRIPTIONS 5.1 LIST OF ALL FIELDS THAT CAN BE SEARCHED Here is a summary table of all fields in the database, showing which tool they can be found on. Detailed descriptions can be found below.

		Search Texts			Find Tools
		Simple Search	Advanced Search	Letters Only	Find Author	Find Sources	Find Encounters	Find Images
1	Age at Death				x
2	Artist							x
3	Author Name	x	x	x	x	x
4	Author of Source Work							x
5	Author's Gender	x	x	x	x
6	Cultural Affiliation		x	x	x
7	Cultural Events		x
8	Cultural Groups		x				x
9	Description [of Encounter]						x
10	Document Type	x	x			x
11	Editor or Translator					x
12	Encounter Code						x
13	Encounter Name	x	x	x			x
14	Encounter Type						x
15	Estimated Number of People						x
16	Expedition		x	x			x
17	Fatalities During Encounter						x
18	Fauna		x
19	Flora		x
20	Geophysical Features		x
21	Image Color							x
22	Image ID							x
23	Image Medium							x
24	Image Source							x
25	Image Subjects							x
26	Image Title							x
27	Image Type
28	Keyword in Caption							x
29	Keyword in Content Note							x
30	Keyword in Descriptive Note							x
31	Keyword in Titles					x
32	Language of Edition					x
33	Location						x
34	Month Written		x	x
35	Nationality	x	x	x	x
36	Natural Phenomena		x
37	Note				x
38	Occupation		x		x
39	Original Language					x
40	Participants		x				x
41	Personal Events		x
42	Place of Birth				x
43	Place of Death				x
44	Place of Publication					x		x
45	Places Discussed		x	x
46	Previously Unpublished					x
47	Publication Year					x
48	Publisher					x
49	Race	x	x	x	x
50	Recipient		x	x
51	Record Number		x
52	Religion	x	x	x	x
53	Search Texts	x	x	x
54	Societal Role		x		x
55	Start Day						x
56	Start Month						x
57	Start Year						x
58	Subject Headings	x	x	x		x	x	x
59	Title of Source Work							x
60	Where Sent (Geographical)		x	x
61	Where Written (Geographical)		x	x
62	Where Written (Setting)		x	x
63	Year of Birth				x
64	Year of Death				x
65	Year Written	x	x	x

5.2 FIELD DESCRIPTIONS WITH SAMPLE SEARCHES

5.2.1 Age at Death

Description: This is the age when the author died and is calculated from birth and death dates where they are available. It is optional. This field can be searched using Advanced Search and Find Authors only.

How to use this field: Key in the number of days or range of days in the box Age at Death. For example, 25 or 40-50.

Practical Example:

Find authors who were aged 50-100 before they died.
Click on the navigation bar to Search Texts

• Click on the navigation bar to get to Advanced Search
• Key in 50-100 in the Age at Death field. This will restrict the search to authors between ages 50 and 100..
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all occurrences in context.

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Description: This is the name of the artist who created an artistic work. This will include all variant forms of the artists name including pseudonyms, pennames, nicknames or aliases. The same official form of the name is used regardless of the form used by the artist at the time of creation. It is required. 

How to use this field: Enter the name of the artist in the Artist field. This field can be searched using Find Images only.

Practical Example: See Author.

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Description: This is the name of the author who wrote the text. The name will include all variant forms of the author's name, including pseudonyms, pennames, nicknames, and aliases. The same official form of the name is used regardless of the form used by the author at the time of writing.

How to use this field: Use this field to analyze word usage by a particular author, or find works written by a particular author. This field can be searched in Simple Search, Advanced Search, Letters Only Search, Find Authors, and Find Sources.

Practical Example: Find all text written by John Hariot.

• Click on the navigation bar to go to Find Sources
• Key in Hariot, John to retrieve all work by that author.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all sources by John Hariot.

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5.2.4 Author of Source Work

Description: See Author
 

5.2.5 Author's Gender

• Click on the navigation bar to Letters Only.
• Select the option "F"  in the Author's Gender field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.

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5.2.6 Cultural Affiliation

Description: This field is used to capture an author's cultural affiliation (i.e. English, American Indian).

How to use this field: Use this field to find works by author's of a particular cultural affiliation. This can be searched in Simple Search, Advanced Search, Letters Only, and Find Authors.

Practical Example: Find all texts by American Indian authors.

• Click on the navigation bar to Find .
• Click on the navigation bar to Find Authors.
• Key in American Indian in the Cultural Affiliation field.
• Click on the SEARCH button.

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5.2.7 Cultural Events

Description: This field indicates that a cultural event is being discussed in the document.

How to use this field: Use this field to find information about specific cultural events, such as feasts or gift-giving. Cultural events can be found through the Advanced Search.

Practical Example:
You are looking for documents that are about weddings.

• Click on the navigation bar to Search.
• Click on the navigation bar to Advanced Search.
• Use the Terms button the access the list of terms and copy and paste it into the search box.
• Click on the SEARCH button.

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5.2.8 Cultural Groups

Description: This field contains the names of the cultural groups discussed in the documents.

How to use this field: Use this field to find documents about specific cultural groups. This field is available in Advanced Search and Find Encounters.

Practical Example: Find all documents about encounters with the Huron.

• Click on the navigation bar to Find Encounters.
• Go to the Cultural Groups button and key in Huron.
• Click the SEARCH button to see the list of encounters involving the Huron.

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5.2.9 Description [of Encounter]

Description: This field contains descriptions of the encounters found in the database.

How to use this field: Use this field to search descriptions of the encounters found in the database. This field is only available in Find Encounters.

Practical Example: Find all encounters that concern kidnappings.

• Click on the navigation bar to Find Encounters.
• Go to the Description field and key in kidnap*.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all encounters meeting this criteria.

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5.2.10 Document Type

Description: This field enables you to restrict the kinds of documents you search and retrieve.

How to use this field: Use this field to find specific types (i.e. letters, diaries, narrative, etc.) of documents. This is available in Advanced Search and Find Sources.

Practical Example:  Find all speeches by American Indians.

• Click on the navigation bar to Search.
• Click on the navigation bar at Advanced Search.
• Go to Cultural Affiliation and type in American Indian
• Go to Document Type and choose Speeches from the drop down list.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system returns a list of documents that fit the criteria.

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5.2.11 Editor or Translator

Description: This field enables you to find sources or documents edited or translated by a particular person.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all sources edited or translated by a specific person. This search is available in Find Sources and Find Images.

Practical Example: Find all sources edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites.

• Click on the navigation bar to Find Sources.
• Key Thwaites, Reuben Gold into the search box.
• Click the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all sources edited by Reuben Gold Thwaites.

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5.2.12 Encounter Code

Description: Enables you to search for encounters by a numeric code.

How to use this field: Use this field to find a specific encounter. This is only available in Find Encounters.

Practical Example: Find a specific encounter between the Spanish and American Indians.

• Click on the navigation bar to Find Encounters.
• Scroll down to the Encounter Code search box.
• Key in EN00035
• The system responds with a list of all documents in which this specific encounter is discussed.

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5.2.13 Encounter Name

Description: This field enables you to search encounters by a specific name.

How to use this field: Use this search to find a specific encounter. This is only available in Find Encounters.

Practical Example: Find me all encounters involving the Spanish.

• Click on the navigation bar to Find Encounters.
• Go to Encounter Name and key in Spanish.
• Click the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all encounters involving the Spanish.

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5.2.14 Encounter Type

Description: This field contains the type of encounter described in the text.

How to use this field: Use this field to find specific kinds of encounters between cultural groups (i.e. kidnap, battle, trade, etc.). This field is only available in the Find Encounters Field.

Practical Example: Find me all encounters that centered around trade.

• Click on the navigation bar to Find Encounters.
• Go to Encounter Type.
• Key in the term Trade.
• Click the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all encounters that fit the criteria.

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5.2.15 Estimated Number of People

Description: This field provides an estimated number of people that may have been involved in an encounter.

How to use this field: This field can be used to search for encounters in which a certain number of people were involved. This field is only available in Find Encounters.

Practical Example: Find all encounters in the database in which between 10 and 25 people were involved

• Click on the navigation bar to Find Encounters.
• Key 10-25 into the search box..
• The system responds with a list of all occurrences.

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5.2.16 Expedition

Description: This field contains names of recognized expeditions. Expeditions are named based on The Atlas of North American Exploration: From the Norse Voyages to the Race to the Pole by William H. Goetzman and Glyndwr Williams.

How to use this field:Use this field to find documents about specific expeditions.

Practical Example: Find all documents about the the Hernando de Soto expedition to Florida.

• Click on the navigation bar to Find Encounters.
• Go to the Expeditions search box and click on the Terms button. This will take you to an alphabetical list of expeditions currently in the database. Key in all or part of the expedition name, or copy and paste from the list.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all documents pertaining to the de Soto expedition.

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5.2.17 Fatalities during Encounter

Description: This is a Yes/No field that indicates whether or not there were fatalities during the encounter.

How to use this field: Use this field for searches for all encounters in the database that did or did not have fatalities. This field is only available in Find Encounters.

Practical Example: Find all fatal encounters where the Huron were involved.

• Click on the navigation bar to Find Encounters.
• Go to Cultural Groups and key in Huron.
• Go the to Fatalities during Encounter and choose Yes off the pick list.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all encounters during which fatalities occurred.

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5.2.18 Fauna

Description: This field contains subject headings related to animal life in North America.

How to use this field: Use this field to find documents discussing animal life. This field can only be searched from the Advanced Search screen.

Practical Example: Find all documents that talk about beavers.

• Click on the navigation bar to Advanced Search.
• Scroll down to the Fauna and key beaver into the box. (Clicking on the Terms button will bring back a list of all animals discussed in the database.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system responds with a list of all documents that discuss beavers.

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5.2.19 Flora

Description: This field holds subject topics which describe plant life in North America.

How to use this field: Use this field to find all documents in the database that discuss a specific plant. This field is available only in Advanced Search.

Practical Example: Find all documents in the database that are about tobacco.

• Click on the navigation bar to Advanced Search.
• Scroll down to Flora and key in tobacco. Clicking on the Terms button will bring up a list of all flora currently indexed in the database.
• Click on the SEARCH button.
• The system will respond with a list of all documents that talk about tobacco.

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5.2.20 Geophysical Features

Description: This field holds subject topics which describe North American geophysical feature, such as mountains, rivers, etc. 

How to use this field: Use this field to find documents that describe geophysical features found in North America. This field is only available in Advanced Search

Practical Example: Find all documents in the database that describe mountains.

• Click on the navigation bar to go to Advanced Search.
• Scroll down to Flora and key in mountains. Clicking on the Terms button will return a list of all geophysical features currently indexed in the database.
• Click on the Search button.
• The system will respond with a list of all documents about mountains.

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5.2.21 Image Color

Description: This field allows you to restrict to images with color, or that are black and white. This field does not search all images in the database. It is restricted to images that have value outside of the texts in which they were originally found.

How to use this field: Select the option  you want from the pick list. This field is only available in Find Images

Practical Example: Find black and white images in the database.

• Click on the navigation bar to go to Find Images.
• Select Black & White from the pick list.
• Hit search
• The system will respond with a list of black and white images.

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5.2.22 Image ID

Description: This field is intended for quick access to a particular image.

How to use this field: Key in the exact Image ID number in the box. Image IDs always take the format Sxxxx-Ixx, where Sxxxx is the source from which the image came and Ixx is the image number within that source. This field is only available in Find Images

Practical Example: Find image S2995-I03.

• Click on the navigation bar to go to Find Images.
• Enter S2995-I03 in the Image ID box.
• Hit Search
• The system will respond with the image numbered S2995-I03.

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5.2.23 Image Medium

Description: This field lets you restrict to woodcuts, drawings and other media.

How to use this field: Key in the medium you are looking for into the Image Medium box. This field is only available in Find Images

Practical Example: Restrict your search to Woodcuts.

• Click on the navigation bar to go to Find Images.
• Enter Woodcut in the Image Medium box.
• Hit Search
• The system will respond with the woodcuts in the image database.

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5.2.24 Image Source

Description: This field lets you identify all images from a particular archive, or museum.   This field is not mandatory and is  populated only for manuscript material.

How to use this field: Key in the source you are looking for into the Image Source box. This field is only available in Find Images

Practical Example: Find all images from the University of California.

• Click on the navigation bar to go to Find Images.
• Enter University of California in the Image Source box.
• Hit Search
• The system will respond with all images from the University of California in the image database.

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5.2.25 Image Subject

Description: This field lets you find images of particular topical subjects.

How to use this field: Key in the subject you are looking for into the Image Subject box. To find out what subjects are available, click the terms button to the right of the Image Subject box. This field is only available in Find Images

Practical Example: Find all images of farming.

• Click on the navigation bar to go to Find Images.
• Enter farming in the Image Subject box.
• Hit Search
• The system will respond with all images that have the subject farming in the image database.

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5.2.26 Image Title

Description: This field searches the titles of images in the database.

How to use this field: Key in the title you are looking for into the Image Title box. To find out what titles are available, click the terms button to the right of the Image Title box. This field is only available in Find Images

Practical Example: Find all images with Indian in the title.

• Click on the navigation bar to go to Find Images.
• Enter Indian in the Image Title box.
• Hit Search
• The system will respond with all images that have the word indian in their titles.

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5.2.27 Image Type (Not currently implemented)

Description: This field describes the kinds of images available in the database (paintings, woodcuts, etc.).

How to use this field: Use this field to limit searches of images to one specific kind of image. This field is not currently implemented.

Practical Example: Find all woodcuts indexed in the database.

• Click on the navigation bar to Find Images.

• Go to the Image Type field and select woodcuts from the pick list.

• Click on the SEARCH button.

• The system responds with a list of all woodcuts indexed in the database.

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5.2.28 Keyword in Caption

Description: This field contains captions taken directly from the originals. In cases where the images are referred to within texts, the referring text is included.

How to use this field: Use this field to search for keywords in captions. This field is only available in the Find Images.

Practical Example: Find all captions that contain the word dance.

• Click on the navigation bar to Find Images.

• Go to the Keyword in Caption field and key in dance.

• Click on the SEARCH button.

• The system responds with a list of all images whose captions contain the word dance.

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5.2.29 Keyword in Content Note or Keyword in Descriptive Note

Description: Content Notes are created by our editors to describe the contents of images. Descriptive Notes are created by our editors for information about the image itself - for example, questions of provenance, earlier versions etc...

How to use this field: Use these fields to search for keywords in content notes or descriptive notes. This field is only available in the Find Images.

Practical Example: Find all content notes that contain the word Indian.

• Click on the navigation bar to Find Images.

• Go to the Keyword in Content Note box and key in Indian.

• Click on the SEARCH button.

• The system responds with a list of all images that have content notes that contain the word Indian.

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5.2.30 Keyword in Source Note

Description: This field is to allow you to search bibliographic notes about the source described.

How to use this field: Use this field to search through notes on provenance, original editions and other miscellaneous information . This field is only available in Find Sources.

Practical Example: Find all notes that mention the word 'reprint'.

• Click on the navigation bar to Find Sources.

• Scroll down to the Keyword in So